BIOLOGY 225 MOCK EXAM IV
TRUE/FALSE - IF FALSE MAKE THE STATEMENT TRUE
1. Staphylococcus aureus is the etiologic agent of pimples, sties, carbuncle and impetigo.
2. Streptococcus pyogenes can cause erysipelas, impetigo, and scaled skin syndrome.
3. The etiologic agent of acne is the anaerobe Propionibacterium acnes.
4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes burn and wound infections.
5. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive organism that is always catalase positive and may be coagulase positive.
6. Warts are caused by papovarius.
7. Smallpox produces a pustular rash.
8. Measles produces a papular rash on the skin and Koplik spots on the oral mucosa.
9. Rubella is a disease manifested by a papular or macular rash and a light fever; complications are rare.
10. Smallpox, chickenpox, rubella, and cold sores are all primarily transmitted by the respiratory route.
11. Chickenpox and smallpox are caused by poxviruses and shingles and keratoconjunctivitis are caused by herpesviruses.
12. Herpes zoster is the etiologic agent of cold sores.
13. Herpes simplex is the etiologic agent of chickenpox.
14. Rubella is caused by a togavirus.
15. Rubeola and rubella are similar diseases only with respect to mode of transmission.
16. Vaccination for rubella is done only when women are pregnant and is to protect the mother.
17. Congenital rubella syndrome doesnıt occur in subclinical infections.
18. Trachoma is the greatest single cause of blindness in the world today.
19. By law all newbornıs eyes are treated with silver nitrate or an antibiotic such as erythromycin or tetracycline to prevent the possibility of infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
20. The most common route of infection of the nervous system is the blood.
21. The prodromal symptoms of meningitis are like a mild cold.
22. Purplish spots on the skin are characteristics of an infection by Cryptococcus neoformans.
23. Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Cryptococcus neoformans can cause meningitis.
24. The most common cause of meningitis in children is Haemophilus influenzae.
25. Encephalitis and meningitis are difficult to treat because many antibiotics will not pass the blood-brain barrier.
26. Vaccines are used as a means of prevention rather than treatment.
27. Neissseria gonorrhoeae was formerly treated with penicillin, but ceftriaxone is now the treatment of choice.
28. Cryptococcus neoformans is usually treated with drugs like amphotericin B.
29. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is often treated with a combination of antibiotics including tetracycline.
30. In the US both the Salk vaccine and the Sabin vaccine are used to prevent polio.
31. Bubonic plague, malaria and endemic typhus are communicable diseases.
32. Tetanus, pneumonic plague and epidemic typhus are noncommunicable diseases.
33. The symptoms of tetanus are due to a neurotoxin.
34. Treatment for tetanus in the immunized individual is by administration of tetanus antitoxins.
35. Prevention of tetanus is by the administration of DPT which contains tetanus toxoid.
36. Leprosy is a rarely fatal, highly contagious disease found mainly in the tropics.
37. Leprosy is transmitted by direct contact and diagnosed by the lepromin test.
38. Poliovirus is transmitted by the respiratory route.
39. Rabies is a highly fatal encephalitis that is transmitted by many types of animals especially rodents.
40. Hydrophobia is an early symptom of rabies.
41. Rabies is curable.
42. The diagnosis of rabies is usually by FA techniques.
43. Vaccines for botulism are currently used in the US.
44. Septicemia is usually caused by gram-negative bacteria whose endotoxin produces symptoms such as fever, lymphangitis and increased blood pressure.
45. Puerperal sepsis is transmitted from the mother to the fetus and often causes death to the fetus.
46. The causative agent of puerperal sepsis is usually Staphylococcus aureus.
47. Subacute bacterial endocarditis is usually caused by alpha-hemolytic streptococci, acute bacterial endocarditis is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, pericarditis is usually caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, and myocarditis is usually caused by the coxsackie virus.
48. Rheumatic fever is a complication of a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. It can cause an inflammation of cardiac muscle or of the joints.
49. The incidence of rheumatic fever has declined because of treatment of pharyngitis with penicillin.
50. The major symptom of brucellosis is undulating fever.
51. Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive, aerobic, endospore forming rod that is often found in the soil.
52. Anthrax, brucellosis and tularemia are zoonotic diseases.
53. Gangrene is not an infectious disease.
54. Gangrene is a predisposing factor for an infection of Clostridium perfringens.
55. Plague is characterized by bruises on the skin called boo-boos.
56. Person to person transmission of the plague is possible by direct contact.
57. The rat is the vector for the plague.
58. Rickettsia prowazekii is the etiologic agent of spotted fever.
59. Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiological agent of Lyme disease.
60. Rickettsia typhi is the etiological agent of epidemic typhus.
61. Infectious mononucleosis is characterized by lethargy, fever, atypical lymphocytes and a positive heterophile antibody titer.
62. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes or is implicated in the etiology of infectious mononucleosis, Burkittıs lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
63. Yellow fever can be treated with antibiotics, but cannot be prevented by vaccination.
64. Toxoplasmosis is a severe illness in adults that is caused by a protozoan, and transmitted by the respiratory route.
65. Infections of toxoplasmosis can be congenital.
66. The reservoir for toxoplasmosis is cats.
67. Malaria is diagnosed by the presence of merozoites in red blood cells.
68. Malaria is caused by a protozoan of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito.
69. Malaria can be treated by antibiotics.
70. Rabies has virtually a 100% mortality rate.
71. Otitis media, an infection of the middle ear, is often caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, or Coronavirus.
72. Otitis media can occur as a complication of tonsillitis.
73. Otitis media is rarely transmitted by swimming water.
74. Tuberculosis is transmitted by respiratory aerosol.
75. Diphtheria is characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane across the throat.
76. Pertussis is characterized by catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages.
77. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to phagocytosis.
78. Corynebacterium diphtheria produces a very potent exotoxin.
79. Pneumonia can be caused by Legionella, Klebsiella, Mycoplasma, or Streptococcus.
80. Klebsiella pneumonia results in lung abscesses and permanent damage to the lungs.
81. Legionella is transmitted by person-to-person contact.
82. Corynebacterium and Mycobacterium are gram-positive rods, Mycoplasma is a gram-negative, pleomorphic rod, and Klebsiella is a regular gam-negative rod.
83. The tuberculin skin test is diagnostic for TB.
84. Influenza epidemics are due to antigenic drift.
85. The BCG vaccine that is used to prevent TB contains a toxoid.
86. Pneumocystis is an opportunistic pathogen since it only causes disease in the immunosupressed.
87. Tooth decay is caused by the actions of Streptococcus mutans acting on the glucose portion of sucrose to produce dextran and the fructose portion to produce lactic acid which erodes tooth enamel and dentin.
88. Staphylococcal food poisoning can be prevented by refrigeration or by boiling foods for 5 minutes before eating.
89. Staphylococcal food poisoning is characterized by rapid onset and short duration of symptoms.
90. Poultry products are often a source of infection for Shigella.
91. The usual treatment for diarrheal disease is water and electrolyte replacement with antibiotic therapy.
92. Most gastrointestinal infections are treated with only water and electrolyte replacement.
93. Salmonellosis has a high morbidity rate, but this bacterial infection requires a large infective dose. While carrier states exist, it is often associated with poultry products.
94. Typhoid fever differs from salmonellosis because in typhoid fever the microorganisms invade tissues not cells.
95. The most common cause of travelerıs diarrhea is Entamoeba coli.
96. Bacillary dysentery produces ³rice water stools².
97. Sewage contamination of water often leads to epidemics of cholera.
98. Bacillary dysentery and amoebic dysentery differ primarily in etiologic agents.
99. Contaminated water is the most common source of bacterial infections in the gastrointestinal tract.
100. Clostridium perfringens, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium botulinum produce a gastrointestinal disease due to an exotoxin.
101. Mumps is a disease of the gastrointestinal system that is transmitted by the respiratory route.
102. Giardia lambilia is an organism that is likely to be transmitted by contaminated shellfish.
103. Cytomegalovirus cannot cross the placenta.
104.. HAV is usually transmitted by blood or other body fluids.
105. Most cases of posttransfusion hepatitis are caused by Hepatitis B.
106. Pork tapeworms are acquired by ingesting the eggs of Taenia saginata.
107. Trichinella is likely to be transmitted by contaminated pork.
108. Nosocomial infections are caused by opportunistic pathogens from the normal flora,
in hospitalized patients that have been compromised.
109. Gram-positive rods often cause cystitis.
110. Escherichia coli is the most common cause of pyelonephritis.
111. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common cause of nosocomial infections of the
urinary tract.
112. Glomerulonephritis is an immune complex disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenesr.
113. Glomerulonephritis is usually treated with penicillin.
114 Syphilis is the most common reportable disease in the US.
115. Sterility, pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis and meningitis are all
complications of gonorrhea.
116. Urethritis can be caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, and streptococci.
117. Chlamydia trachomtis is the causative agent of lymphogranuloma venereum.
118. Ceftriaxone is often used to treat penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
119. Genital herpes is very difficult to treat with drugs and always recurs at the initial site
of infection.
120. Gardnerella vaginalis infections produce clue cells.
121. Syphilis, gonorrhea and genital herpes can cause congenital infections or infections
of the newborn.
122. Trichomoniasis can be sexually transmitted but is often an opportunistic pathogen.
123. Trichomoniasis is caused by a bacterium.
124. Gonorrhea is caused by a gram-negative diplococcus, chancroid by a gram-negative
rod, and syphilis by a gram-negative spirochete.