Study Questions Exam 3
Chapter 29: Introduction to Invertebrates
1. Identify the 3 tissue layers in animals. Which layer is necessary for an organ level of organization?
2. Distinguish between the sac and tube-within-a-tube body plans. Which body plan includes a complete digestive system?
3. Distinguish among the types of symmetry in animals. What is cephalization? Which type of symmetry allows cephalization?
4. Define: coelomate; acoelomate; pseudocoelomate. Which of these includes the protostomes & deuterostomes?
5. Define: diploblast; triploblast; protostome; deuterostome.
6. For sponges, list the: phylum; type of symmetry; highest level of organization; body plan; nutritional strategy.
7. Give the function of the following in sponges: collar cells; amoeboid cells; spicules.
8. Distinguish among the following: budding; fragmentation; sexual reproduction.
9. For cnidarians, list the: phylum; type of symmetry; highest level of organization; body plans; nutritional strategy.
10. Define: cnidocyte; nematocyte; polyp; medusa.
11. Identify the 3 major classes of cnidarians and the major organisms belonging to each class.
12. For flatworms, list the: phylum; type of symmetry; highest level of organization; body plans; nutritional strategies.
13. To which phylum do the following organisms belong: marine ribbon worms; flatworms; rotifers?
14. Define: proboscis; scolex; proglottids.
15. Identify the 3 major classes of flatworms and the major organisms belonging to each class. Which of the classes includes primarily parasitic species?
16. For planaria, briefly describe: auricles; eyespots; flame-cell system; asexual reproduction; sexual reproduction.
17. Define: host; primary host; secondary host.
18. Briefly describe the life cycle of (and disease caused by, if applicable): blood fluke; Chinese liver fluke; tapeworm.
19. Briefly describe the life cycle of (and disease caused by, if applicable): Ascaris; Trichinella; filarial worms.
20. Which of the organisms in this chapter are: multicellular; diploblasts; triploblasts; pseudocoelomate?
21. For protostomes and deuterostomes, describe: cleavage type; structure associated with blastopore; type of coelom. Which groups of organisms belong to each?
22. What is the difference between open & closed circulatory systems? Define: hemocoel; hemolymph; hemocyanin; hemoglobin.
23. For mollusks, define: visceral mass; mantle; foot.
24. Identify the 4 major classes of mollusks and the major organisms belonging to each class.
25. For mollusks, define the following: gill; radula; incurrent & excurrent siphon.
26. What is the function of a shell? What structure secretes the shell? How & where does a pearl form?
27. Which mollusks have tentacles & a beak? What are nudibranchs?
28. Identify the 3 major classes of annelids and the major organisms belonging to each class. What is hirudin & which class/organism uses it?
29. For annelids, define the following: nephridia; parapodia; setae.
30. For earthworms, define the following: circular & longitudinal muscles; pharynx; crop; gizzard.
31. For earthworms, define the following: clitellum; testes; ovaries; seminal vesicle; seminal receptacle.
32. Try to make some sense of the classification of arthropods.
33. For arthropods, define: exoskeleton; chitin; simple eyes; compound eyes.
34. For arthropods, list the 3 body segments. Which of the arthropod subphyla has the following: jointed appendages; uniramous appendages; biramous appendages? Which arthropod superclass has wings?
35. For crayfish, define the following: carapace; swimmerets; uropod; telson; green glands.
36. For grasshoppers, define the following: tympanum; ovipositor; Malpoghian tubules; spiracles; tracheae.
37. Define metamorphosis & give an example. Define entomolofy.
38. For each of the following phyla, indicate whether they have an open or closed circulatory system, & note any exceptions: mollusca; annelida; arthropoda.
39. For each of the following organisms, indicate the type of respiratory structure used: clam; earthworm; grasshopper; crayfish; horseshoe crab; spider.
40. For each of the following organisms, indicate the type of excretory structure used: clam; earthworm; grasshopper; crayfish.
41. Define hermaphrodite. Which of the following organisms are hermaphroditic: clam; squid; snail; earthworm; crayfish; grasshopper; spider.
Chapter 31: The Deuterostomes
42. Identify the phylum and class to which starfish belong. Are starfish protostomes or deuterostomes?
43. Identify the structures used for gas exchange & digestion in starfish. What do starfish feed on?
44. Describe the water vascular system in starfish. What is its function?
45. Are starfish capable of asexual reproduction? Describe the symmetry in larval & adult starfish.
46. What are the four basic chordate characteristics? What does each become in adult vertebrates?
47. Identify the phylum for: lancelets; tunicates. Which of these characteristics persist in adult lancelets & tunicates?
48. What is the significance of the amnion & placenta to animal evolution?
49. Identify the superclass for jawless fishes & 2 members.
50. Identify the class for sharks, rays & skates. What is the common name for this class & why is it used? Identify the class for ray-finned (common) fish.
51. Define: tetrapod; cloaca. Describe the metamorphosis in amphibians.
52. Identify 4 common groups of reptiles. Identify the class for birds.
53. Identify 3 structural features common to reptiles & birds. Is the egg of birds the same as the egg of reptiles?
54. Identify the 2 chief characteristics shared by all mammals. What is the basic function of each?
55. Define: monotremes; marsupials; placental mammals. Give an example of each.
56. Recognize & give an example of the following mammalian orders: perissodactyla; artiodactyla; carnivora; primates; cetacea; chiroptera; rodentia; proboscidia; lagomorpha.
57. Define: ectothermic; endothermic; homeothermy. For each of the following organisms/classes, indicate whether it is ectothermic or endothermic: amphibian; reptile; bird; mammal.
58. For each of the following organisms/classes, indicate whether fertilization and embryonic development is internal or external, & note any exceptions: fish; amphibian; reptile; bird; mammal.
59. For each of the following organisms/classes, indicate the number of heart chambers, & note any exceptions: fish; amphibian; reptile; bird; mammal.
60. For each of the following organisms/classes, indicate the type of respiratory structure used: starfish; fish; amphibian; reptile; bird; mammal.