After studying the material in under these topics the student should be able to:
TOPIC 13 THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. Explain why the testes are classified as both exocrine and endocrine glands.
2. Explain why the testes are located in the scrotum.
3. Describe the ramifications of undescended testes.
4. Identify the specific structures found in the testes that produce sperm.
5. Give the function of the interstitial cells of Leydig.
6. Give the site of sperm maturation.
7. Give the site of sperm storage prior to ejaculation.
8. List the components of the spermatic cord.
9. List the parts of the male reproductive system including the accessory organs. Give the functions of the
male accessory sex glands.
10. Give the male accessory sex gland that can cause involvement with urination.
11. Describe the mechanism that causes erection in the male.
12. Identify the erectile tissue of the penis.
13. Describe the role of FSH and ICSH in the male reproductive system.
14. Describe the functions of testosterone.
15. Identify the hormone responsible for:
15.· The development and maintenance of male secondary characteristics
15.· Spermatogenesis and stimulates the sustentacular cells.
16. Give the hormone that acts on
16.· The interstitial cells of Leydig
16.· The seminiferous tubules to initiate spermatogenesis
17. Describe the process of meiosis in spermatogenesis.
18. Identify the number of sperm are produced from a single primary spermatocyte.
19. Give the characteristics of the mature sperm.
20. Give the function of the acrosome in the head of a sperm cell.
21. Trace the course of sperm from the site of production to the exterior of the body.
22. Identify the main control center of reproductive processes.
23. Explain how ova and sperm differ form all other body cells.
24. Explain how spermatogenesis and oogenesis differs.
25. Give the approximate number of primary follicles present in the ovaries of a female at her birth.
26. Describe how many ova are produced by one oogonium.
27. Describe the effects of :
· Estrogen.
· Progesterone
28. Give the hormone(s) responsible for:
· Ovulation
· The production of estrogens and progesterone
29. Explain where
· Fertilization occurs (usual site)
· Menstruation, implantation of a fertilized ovum, development of the fetus occurs
30. List the parts of the uterus.
31. List the three layers of the uterine wall.
32. Identify the hymen.
33. Give the hormones responsible for maintaining the uterine wall during the last 5 to 6 months of pregnancy
and their source.
34. Give the three phases of the menstrual cycle in order from the first day of the cycle.
35. Give the average length of the menstrual cycle.
36. Identify the point in the menstrual cycle where menstruation normally occurs.
37. Correlate estrogen levels with the phases of the ovarian and menstrual cycles.
38. Describe the relationship between LH and the development of the corpus luteum.
39. Give the events that occur during the ovulatory phase.
40. Give the function of the hormone oxytocin.
41. Give the number of chromosomes in spermatogonia and oogonia.
1. Define fertilization
2. Describe the role of prostaglandins in fertilization and in uterine contractions.
3. Describe cleavage by the zygote as it travels down the uterine tube and to the uterus. Include cell
numbers.
4. Give the correct sequence of pre-embryonic developmental structures.
5. Define implantation.
6. Define and describe what occurs during gastrulation.
7. List the derivatives of
· ectoderm
· Mesoderm
· Endoderm
8. Describe the effects of tubal ligation.
9. Describe the role of the placenta in hormone production. Relate this function to the maintenance of
pregnancy and the development of the breasts for lactation.
10. Describe the structure of the umbilical cord.
11. Describe the roles of the umbilical arteries and the umbilical vein.
12. List the fetal membranes and give the function of each.
13. Give the function of amniotic fluid.
14. Differentiate between the decidua functionalis and the decidua basalis. Give the roles of each.
15. Identify the time when the infant begins to produce antibodies.
16. Differentiate between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
17. Give the number of chromosomes in sperm and/or ova.
18. Give the source of the chromosomes is the zygote.
19. Define crossing over and give its significance.
20. Differentiate between how identical and fraternal twins are produced.
21. List the stages of labor and describe what occurs in each.
22. Explain what maintains the levels of estrogens and progesterone needed to maintain pregnancy and
develop the breasts for lactation.
23. List and describe the special adaptations of the vascular system in the fetus.
24. Describe the adjustments made by the infant's body systems at birth.
25. List the advantages of breast feeding.
26. List the contraindications for the use of contraceptives.
27. List some substances that have been shown to be a potential hazard to the fetus when consumed by the mother.
1. Define the following terms
· Inheritance
· Genetics
· Homologous Chromosomes
· Autosomes
· Sex Chromosomes
· Alleles
· Dominant
· Recessive
· Genotype
· Phenotype
· Homozygous trait
· Heterozygous trait
· X-linked Traits
2. Describe the factors that lead to genetic variation.
3. List and describe the types of inheritance and give examples of each.
4. Work genetic problems of each of the types covered in this lecture.
5. Explain the importance of genetic screening and counseling.