Acids

Bases

Contain H + a nonmetal

             Example:  HCl_(aq)

Contain a metal + OH^- 

           Example:  NaOH_(aq)

Ionize in water to form the H⁺ ion (Hydronium ion)

             HCl_(aq)     ®       H⁺   +   Cl^-

                                    (H₃O⁺)

Ionize in water to form OH^-

           NaOH_(aq)  ®   Na⁺  +  OH^-

Act as a proton donor

            (Bronsted-Lowry Theory)

                 HCl_(aq)   ®   H⁺¹  +  Cl^-1                   

(H⁺ = H-nucleus = 1 proton)

Act as a proton acceptor

        (Bronsted-Lowry Theory)

        H⁺¹   +   OH^-1  ®   HOH

(The OH^- accepts the H⁺ or proton)

Act as an electron-pair receiver

(Lewis Theory)

                  H⁺¹  needs 2e (1 pair) for satisfaction.

(H⁺¹  “accepts”  an electron-pair)

Act as an electron-pair donor

(Lewis Theory)

              . .                             . .

׃O׃ H^-1   +  H⁺¹  ®   ׃O׃ H

 . .                             . .

                                            H

 (OH^-1  “donates” an electron pair)

Neutralize Bases         

Neutralize Acids

Neutralize Bases

        H⁺¹  +  OH^-1   ®  HOH   

Neutralize Acids

         OH^-1  +  H⁺¹  ®  HOH

Have a pH value below 7

Have a pH value above 7

Taste Sour

Taste bitter; feel slippery

Affect Indicators

1. Turn blue litmus red
2. Turn phenolphthalein colorless

Affect Indicators

1. Turn red litmus blue
2. Turn phenolphthalein red