Cumulative Final Study Guide (Fall 2002)- **You may bring nothing with you. Any items you have must be left in the front of the class.

Ch. 1 - Know the five kingdoms and examples; Understand importance of cells; Define the Scientific Method and know the 4 main steps;

Ch. 2 - Define atom, molecule, atomic number, atomic mass, pH; Know the Octet Rule and covalent and ionic bonds; Understand reduction-oxidation reactions; Understand the bonds within and between water and the characteristics of water;

Ch. 3 - Understand dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis;

Ch. 4 - Know difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells;

Know all cell parts and their functions;

Ch. 5 - Understand the fluid-mosaic model; Understand diffusion, osmosis, facilitated transport, active transport;

Ch. 9 - Understand binary fission, mitosis, and cytokinesis; Know sexual vs. asexual reproduction; Know cell cycle and all stages;

Ch. 6 - Understand how food is oxidized; Understand enzymes, substrate, active site; Know feedback inhibition; Know ATP components and its function; Know chemiosmotic phosphorylation;

Ch. 7 - Know the equation for photosynthesis; Understand what chloroplasts, thylakoids, stroma and photons are; Understand the light and dark reactions;

Ch. 8 - Understand why fermentation occurs and what it produces;

Know equation for cellular respiration; Understand glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and the electron transport chain; Understand oxidative, chemiosmotic and substrate level phosphorylation; Know what NADH and FADH2 do;

Ch. 10 - Understand how meiosis and mitosis differ; Understand  synapsis, crossing over; Define homologous pair, tetrad, bivalent;

Ch. 11 - Know homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, phenotype, genotype; Know how to set up a Punnett Square;

Ch.12 -  Know autosomes, sex chromosomes, nondisjunction;

Ch. 13 - nothing/Ch. 14 - Know the DNA structure; Understand how DNA replicates; Know what semiconservative replication is;

Ch. 15 - Understand transcription and translation; Know how genes control traits;