Study Guide Biology 101

Final Exam (Fall 2002)

                                                                                                                        

Ch. 23 - “Ecology of Populations”

Understand exponential & sigmoidal growth curves, recognize equations and their components; Understand biotic potential, environmental resistance, carrying capacity;

Know how to manage a population for maximum sustainable yield

Understand 3 survivorship curves & age structure diagrams

Understand density dependent and independent effects (factors)

Know the characteristics of “r” and “K” strategists;

Understand the history of human population growth;

Know the differences in MDCs and LDCs;

Review Fig. 23.1, 23.4, 23.5, 23.7, 23. 8, 23.9, 23. 10, 23.13, 23.14

 

Ch. 24 - “Community Ecology” - Define community, niche, Understand the 3 types of interactions; Understand effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition; Know “Competitive Exclusion Principle” & effects of predation; Define Keystone predator and species; Know types of mimicry; Understand ecological succession; Review Fig. 24.7, 24.9, 24.10, 24.12, 24.13, 24.19, 24.21

 

Ch. 25 — “Ecosystems” — Know who producers, consumers, autotrophs, and heterotrophs are; Know energy flow, chemical cycling, food webs, trophic levels; Distinguish primary, secondary, tertiary consumers, decomposers; Understand the 3 types of pyramids, biological magnification; Understand the human food chain; Review Fig. 25.2, 25.3, 25.6, 25.7

 

Ch. 26 - “The Biosphere” - Understand what the biosphere is; Know the general characteristics of the following biomes: freshwater, saltwater (coastal & open ocean), desert, tundra, grassland (savannah and prairie), chaparral, taiga, temperate deciduous forest and tropical rain forest; Define estuary, permafrost, deciduous and epiphyte; Understand effects of temperature & rain on biomes; Review 26.4, 26.7, 26.9, 26.10, 26.11, 26.12, 26.16, 26.17, 26.21, 26.22.

 

Extra Credit Essay Question

 

Write clearly and be organized:  REMEMBER TO WRITE IN ESSAY FORM

 

Human Population Growth:  a) Discuss the history of man’s population growth. How fast has the population increased? Give me dates and numbers if you can. b) What does the shape of the growth curve look like and what type of growth is this? How has the curve changed over time? c) What 3 factors contributed to the type of growth we have now? Explain how they had an effect. d) What is the size of the population today and what do you think man’s carrying capacity will be? Give me a number for “K” — there is no right or wrong. e) Explain what factors might influence our growth in the future and cause it to slow down, stop or possibly increase.

 

Cumulative Final Study

Guide (Fall 2002)

 

Ch. 1 - Know the five kingdoms and examples; Understand importance of cells; Define the Scientific Method and know the 4 main steps;

 

Ch. 2 — Define atom, molecule, atomic number, atomic mass, pH; Know the Octet Rule and covalent and ionic bonds; Understand reduction-oxidation reactions; Understand the bonds within and between water and the characteristics of water;

 

Ch. 3 - Understand dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis;

 

Ch. 4 - Know difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Know all cell parts and their functions;

 

Ch. 5 - Understand the fluid-mosaic model; Understand diffusion, osmosis, facilitated transport, active transport;

 

Ch. 9 - Understand binary fission, mitosis, and cytokinesis; Know sexual vs. asexual reproduction; Know cell cycle and all stages;

 

Ch. 6 - Understand how food is oxidized; Understand enzymes, substrate, active site; Know feedback inhibition; Know ATP components and its function; Know chemiosmotic phosphorylation

 

Ch. 7 - Know the equation for photosynthesis; Understand what chloroplasts, thylakoids, stroma and photons are; Understand the light and dark reactions;

 

Ch. 8 — Understand why fermentation occurs and what it produces; Know equation for cellular respiration; Understand glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle and the electron transport chain; Understand oxidative, chemiosmotic and substrate level phosphorylation. Know what NADH and FADH2 do;

 

Ch. 10 - Understand how meiosis and mitosis differ; Understand synapsis, crossing over; Define homologous pair, tetrad, bivalent;

 

Ch. 11 — Know homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, phenotype, genotype; Know how to set up a Punnett Square;

 

Ch.12 — Know autosomes, sex chromosomes, nondisjunction;

 

Ch. 13 - nothing/Ch. 14 — Know the DNA structure; Understand how DNA replicates; Know what semiconservative replication is;

 

Ch. 15 - Understand transcription and translation; Know how genes control traits;