BIO 102 Lab Quiz 4 Study Guide: Exercises 12, 13, 14

Deuterostomes, Amphibians, Mammals, Tissues

Be able to identify on starfish diagram, dissection or model: (Echinodermata)

External:

Arm

Mouth (oral surface)

Anus (aboral surface)

Madreporite (sieve plate)

Tube feet

Internal:

Ring canal (ring in the center)

Radial canal (in arms)

Stomach

Gonads (pair in arms)

Digestive gland

Ampulla of tube feet

Be able to identify on Sea Squirt diagram (page 90): (Urochordata)

Incurrent and excurrent siphons

Gill slits

Base

Stomach

Be able to identify on Lancelet model: (Cephalochordata)

             Mouth with tentacles (4 on model)

Dorsal fin

Anus (F on model)

Ventral fins (underside)

Notochord (2 on model)

Nerve cord (neural tube, 3 on model)

Intestinal canal (5 on model)

Stomach (D on model)

Rectum (E on model)

Gill bars and slits

Be able to identify on fish model or dissection: (Vertebra)

External:

Operculum (covers gills)

Pectoral fins (29 on model)

Dorsal fins (25 on model) 

(Fish continued)

Lateral line

Anus (7 on model)

Gills (9 on model)

Internal structures:

Intestine (6 on model)

Stomach (extended digestive tube, 4 on model)

Gonads (17 on model)

Liver (19 on model)

Heart (1 on model)

Air bladder (15, 16 on model)

Be able to identify from frog dissection, model or diagram: (Vertebrata)

External structures:

Eyes

Tympanic membrane

External nares (nostrils)

Forelimbs & hindlimbs

Digits (toes)

Inside mouth (from diagram):

Internal nares

Vomerine teeth

Maxillary teeth

Tongue

Internal structures:

Fat bodies (? on model)

Small intestine (H on model)

Large intestine (? on model)

Stomach (F on model)

Liver (J on model)

Heart (1,2,3 on model)

Gall bladder (K on model)

Kidney (VI on model)

Lungs (A on model)

Esophagus (E on model)

Gonads (? on model)

Be able to identify on pig dissection or model: (Vertebrata)

External:

Nose

Scrotum

Teats

Digits

Tail

Tongue

External nares (nostrils)

Internal anatomy:

Heart

Aorta

Thyroid gland (small bi-lobed gland below larynx)

Larynx (just below the throat opening to trachea)

Lungs

Diaphragm (dome shaped muscle below lungs)

Liver

Esophagus

Stomach

Spleen

Small intestine

Mesentery of small intestine

Large intestine

Inferior vena cava

Kidneys

Urinary bladder

Umbilical arteries (on either side of urinary bladder)

Be able to identify on Rat biomount:

Jugular vein

Heart

Lungs

Vena cava

Diaphragm

Stomach

Liver

Small intestine

Cecum (large intestine)

Be able to determine sex of frog or pig:

             Male frog has small bean shaped testes, smaller fat bodies

Female frog has oviducts and maybe eggs, larger fat bodies

Male pig has scrotum, penile orifice just caudal to the umbilical cord

Female has genital papilla ventral to urogenital opening

            Epithelial tissue (covers and protects)

            Cells will be squamous (fiat), cuboidal or columnar

 Connective tissue, identify specific type:

            Blood (red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix)

            Bone (concentric circles, looks like a tree trunk)       

            Adipose (large white cells filled with lipid, nucleus will be pushed to the side)

            Cartilage (cells within lacunae surrounded by a fibrous matrix)   

            Loose (loose matrix with sparse cells that produce the fibrous matrix)   

            Muscle (cardiac, smooth, skeletal)   

            Nervous (large irregular cell body with many thin projections)

Be able to identify from the skin model:

            Hair shaft

Oil glands (associated with hair shaft)

Sweat glands

Arrector pili muscle (small muscle attached to hair follicle, causes hair to stand on end)

Sensory receptors (oval shaped corpuscles at the ends of nerves)

Artery and vein (colored red and blue)

Nerve (long white fibers)

Layers: Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Be able to state the features of chordates:

1)   notochord

2)   neural tube

3)   pharyngeal gill slits

4)  post-anal tail

Be able to identify specimen by phyla (in parentheses beside objectives)