BIOLOGY 101                         OBJECTIVES                            LAB QUIZ #4

MEIOSIS, GENETICS, THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT 

The student will define

·     Meiosis

·     Homologous chromosomes

·     Diploid

·     Haploid

·     Gametes

·     Sperm

·     Egg or ovum

·     Gonads

·     Testes

·     Ovaries

The student will describe the major events in meiosis:

·     Melosis I

                         ·     Prophase I -homologous chromosomes pair, crossing over, diploid cell

                         ·     Metaphase I- spindles attach and chromosomes alligned

                         ·     Anaphase I - separate homologous chromosomes

                         ·     Telophase I - haploid cell, events as in mitosis

                         ·     Meiosis II

                         ·     Prophase II - spindle forms

                         ·     Metaphase II - sister chromatids allign

                         ·     Anaphase II - sister chromatids separate

                         ·     Telophase II - haploid cell, events as in mitosis

The student will describe the difference between mitosis and melosis by determining if the following are in mitosis, meiosis, or both

·     production of diploid cells

·     production of haploid cells

·     crossing-over

·     DNA replication

·     Homologous chromosomes pair

·     Sister chromatids attached with centromere

·     cytokinesis

The student will describe gametogenesis using the following terms:

·    Spermatogenesis

·    In seminiferous tubules of testes

·    Spermatogonium is stem cell (diploid)

·    to primary spermatocytes (diploid) Start Meiosis I, crossing over occurs her

·    to secondary spermatocytes (haploid), end of Meiosis I with 2 cells each startins meiosis II

·    to spermatids (haploid) — end of meiosis II

·    Oogenesis

LAB QUIZ #4

·         In follicles of ovary

·         Matured follicle is Graafian follicle and contains I secondary oocyte and I polar body

·         Oogonium is stem cell (diploid)

·          to primary oocyte (diploid) Start Meiosis I, crossing over occurs here

·          to I secondary oocyte and first polar body (haploid), end of Meiosis I with 2 cells

           each start meiosis II

·          to I ovum and I polar body (haploid) (also first polar body divides to 2 polar bodies) —     end of meiosis II with I ovum and 3 polar bodies

        ·         Gametogenesis in plants

·          Flowering plants

·          Anthers — pollen to produce male gametes

·          Ovary — resulting spores produce ovule that produce female gametes

The student will describe fertilization using the following terms:

·          Large ovum is cell to be fertilized by sperm

·          2 haploids join for new diploid cell = zygote

The student will define the following terms in genetics:

·          Gregor Mendel

·          Gene

·          Alleles

·          Genotype

·          Phenotype

·          Homozygous dominant

·          Homozygous recessive

·          Heterozygous

·          Fl generation

·          Monohybrid cross

·          Dihybrid cross

·          Incomplete dominance

·          Lethal inheritance

The student will be able to work genetics problems using the Punnett Square.

The student will be able to determine the possible genotype of parents if given the offspring phenotype using

·          albinism

·          color of com grains

·          height of plants

·          blood types using the ABO system

Be able to give the phenotype and genotype for the following human traits:

·          widow’s peak

·          bent pinky

·          albinism

·          pigmented iris

·          attached earlobes

·          hitchhiker’s thumb

·          interlacing fingers

·          PTC tasting

·          Middigital hair

LAB QUIZ #4

The student will be able to read a pedigree chart to determine the inheritance of a genetic disorder within a family and know the symbol for:

·          Normal female and male

·          Affected female and male

·          Reproductive partners

·          Siblings

The student will understand the following terms related to the Human Genome Project::

·          Genome

·          Genetic map

·          Loci

The student will turn in the answers to the following questions pertaining to the Human Genome Project as a take home question portion (25 points) of lab quiz

                       ·          List the 6 goals of the project

·          Name the 3 nonhuman organisms being studied

·          How much did the US spend on this project in 1988 and in 2001?

·          List 6 major categories of benefits from the project.

·          What does ELSI stand for?

·          List the 9 concerns arising from the new genetics that the project will study?

Turn in for 10 points on lab quiz #4:

·          A genetic disorder

·          Give the chromosome involved

·          Identify the signs and symptoms

·          Give the genotype for those with the disorder

·          Identify how it is inherited

·          Give the current means of treatment and prognosis