Chemistry 110

Study Guide

Chapters 10-11

Chapter 10

Understand the mercury barometer. Know Torricelli’s explanation of the barometer due to air pressure. Understand and be able to determine the pressure of a gas using an open-end U-tube manometer. Be able to draw diagrams of both.

Know Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law. Be able to draw graphs demonstrating these laws. Be able to work problems using these laws. Remember that T, K, must be used for Charles Law and all gas law problems.

Know Avogadro’s Law. Know that the volume of 1 mole of an ideal gas at STP is 22.4 L.

Know the ideal gas law and be able to do problems using it.

Know Dalton’s Law of partial pressures. Understand and know how to use mole fraction, X.

Know the kinetic theory of gases.

a) T, K, is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the molecules. K.E.=1/2mv².

b) Be able to draw diagram such as Fig. 10.15.

c) At a given T, molecules of lower MW will have higher velocity than molecules of higher MW.

d) Be able to explain why the pressure of a gas increases when the temperature increases.

e) Real gases have “ideal” behavior at low pressures (<10atm) and high temperature. “Real” gases do not follow the ideal gas equation at high pressure and low temperature because in “real” gases, molecules have a nonzero volume and there are attractive forces between molecules.

Problems: Practice Exercises pages 356-357, 361, 362. problems: 10.1, 10.7, 10.8, 10.13, 10.14, 10.15, 10.17, 10.18, 10.19, 10.22, 10.23, 10.24, 10.29, 10.43-10.48, 10.57-10.59, 10.61a, 10.67