A&PII SAMPLE EXAM 3 Digestive/Metabolism/Renal/Fluid& Electrolyte
1. What is the function of the parietal cells of the stomach?
They produce:
a. mucin b. pepsinogen c. hydrochloric acid
d. trypsin e. gastrin
2. Which of the following is not an accessory digestive organ?
a. teeth b. salivary gland
c. liver d. spleen
3. Which of the following produces intrinsic factor?
a. parietal cells b. enterendocrine cells
c. chief cells d. goblet cells e. absorptive cells
4. Which of the following stimulates stomach secretions?
a. pepsin b. cholecystokinin
c. gastrin d. secretin
5. The mechanical process in the mouth that reduces large complex molecules is
a. digestion b. deglutition
c. dentition d. mastication e. peristalsis
6. The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the
a. duodenum b. ileum c. jejunum d. pyloric sphincter
7. The correct sequence for the layers within the wall of the alimentary canal beginning at the lumen:
a. mucosa, serosa, submucosa, muscularis externa
b. submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa
c. serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa
d. serosa, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa
e. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
8. The site of production of secretin and cholecystokinin is
a. stomach b. small intestine
c. pancreas d. large intestine
9. As the food in the stomach is repeatedly squeezed and mixed with gastric juice it is converted into a creamy paste called
a. a bolus b. bile c. feces d. chyme
10. Structures in the small intestine that increase its surface area and aid in absorption of food are
a. villi and microvilli b. rugae
c. haustra d. sphincters e. all of the above
11. When the acid contents of the stomach enter the normally alkaline duodenum, a hormone is released which causes the pancreas to secrete a bicarbonate rich juice. This hormone is
a. gastrin b. secretin
c. cholecystokinin d. insulin e. serotonin
12. Which of the following is not true of the duodenum?
a. It receives chyme from the stomach.
b. It is the site of action of secretions from the liver and pancreas.
c. It is shorter than the ileum or jejunum.
d. Gastrin is produced here.
13. Which of the following is not characteristic of the large intestine?
a. It exhibits muscular bands called taenia coli.
b. It has haustra.
c. Water and electrolytes can be absorbed.
d. It includes the ileum through the rectum.
14. Which is not true for the esophagus?
a. It contains a mucosa layer.
b. It extends from the larynx to the stomach.
c. It is posterior to the trachea.
d. It passes through the diaphragm.
15. The pyloric region of the stomach is the
a. midportion
b. the region in contact with the heart
c. the portion joining with the small intestine at the distal end.
d. folds
16. Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves
a. bile salts which help emulsify carbohydrates so that they can be easily digested by enzymatic action
b. Cholecystokinin, an intestinal hormone responsible for gall bladder release of bile
c. secetions from the spleen that contain enzymes necessary for digestion.
d. hydrochloric acid secretion by the intestinal mucosa
17. Select the correct enzyme/substrate combination
a. amylase/lipids
b. pepsin/proteins
c. nucleases/proteins
d. lipase/carbohydrates
18. Choose the correct path for absorption of lipids following the absorptive cell:
a. capillary, hepatic portal vein, liver
b. lacteal, thoracic duct, venous circulation
c. lacteal, hepatic portal vein, liver
d. capillary, lacteal, hepatic portal vein
e. lacteal, capillary, hepatic portal vein
Match the following:
a. digestion d. ingestion
b. absorption e. defecation
c. peristalsis
19. Process by which the products of digestion pass through the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph
20. Process of taking food into the digestive tract
21. Sequential waves of contraction and relaxation of the muscularis externa that propels food through the digestive tract
22. Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs to substances that can be absorbed
23. Elimination of indigestible substances from the body via the anus
Locate the following structures in the appropriate organ:
a. mouth or pharynx d. small intestine ac. larynx
b. liver e. pancreas
c. stomach ab. large intestine
24. Villi
25. Rugae
26. epiglottis
27. Sublingual gland
28. Gallbladder
29. Dentin
30. appendix
31. uvula
32. Digestion of this substance begins in the mouth
a. protein b. carbohydrate
c. vitamins d. water
33. The action of bile is as a(an)
a. enzyme in digestion of fat b. emulsifier of fat
c. source of cholesterol for synthesis of hormones
d. signal to increase pancreatic enzymes
34. The first section of the large intestine is the
a. cecum b. ascending colon c. ileum
d. transverse colon e. sigmoid colon
35. The last section of the colon is the
a. cecum b. ascending c. descending d. sigmoid e. rectum
36. Gingiva refers to the
a. premolars b. lips c. hard palate d. soft palate e. gums
37. Bile exits the gallbladder in the
a. cystic duct b. left and right hepatic duct
c. hepatopancreatic duct d. common hepatic duct
38. The structure separating the small intestine and the large intestine is the
a. pyloric sphincter b. esophageal sphincter
c. ileocecal valve d. uvula
e. hiatus
39. Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder by the
a. urethra b. nephron c. ureter
d. renal vein e. renal artery
40. In the pathway of urine formation, the filtrate enters the collecting duct which eventually leaves through the renal pyramids and papilla and enters the
a. hilus b. minor calyx
c. glomerulus d. renal capsule
41. Which of the following statements about the Krebs cycle is not correct?
a. the process occurs in the mitochondria
b. the major end product of the cycle is lactic acid
c. at several steps, hydrogen and electrons are removed from substrate molecules
d. acetyl-CoA enters the cycle
e. all are true
42. The major ion in extracellular fluids is
a. potassium b. sodium c. iron
d. calcium e. phosphate
43. Glycolysis is best defined as the
a. conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water
b. conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid
c. conversion of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water
d. formation of sugar
e. None of these
44. Which of the following is the body least likely to be able to synthesize for itself, and thus must obtain it from the external environment?
a. vitamins b. fats c. glucose
d. proteins e. glycogen
45. During aerobic respiration, electrons are passed down the electron transport chain and is formed.
a. oxygen b. water
c. glycogen d. NADH2
46. If oxygen is lacking, how many NET ATP are produced by the oxidation of one molecule of glucose?
a. 0 b. 2 c. 8 d. 38
47. Vitamins:
a. are broken down to CO2 and used for energy
b. function as coenzymes
c. are classified as water or protein soluble
d. are made in the body
48. Constriction of the arteriole will increase the glomerular filtration rate.
a. efferent b. afferent
c. vasa recta d. peritubular
e. all have the same effect on GFR
Match the following:
a. Glycolysis c. Electron transport chain
b. Krebs cycle d. all of these
49. 2-C molecule enters
50. Glucose serves as the initial substrate
51. Involves the formation of a 6-carbon molecule and its successive degradation to a carbon pickup molecule
52. Involves the removal and or transfer of hydrogen or electrons from another molecule
53. Site of entry for fats
54. Results in the formation of pyruvic acid molecules
55. Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, but not in mitochondrion
56. makes ATP
57. May occur under totally anaerobic conditions
58. Involves NAD
59. How many ATPs can be made from FAD?
a. 38 b. 8 c. 3 d. 2 e. 4
60 The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete in response to a low blood pressure.
a. angiotensinogen b. renin
c. ADH d. aldosterone e. ANP
61. Molecules that are not filtered but appear in the urine are
a. reabsorbed b. made within the tubules
c. secreted d. inulin
62 The reabsorption of water from the tubular filtrate is regulated at the distal portion of the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct by
a. aldosterone b. antidiuretic hormone c. renin d. inulin e. filtration
Match the following.
a. night blindness d. pernicious anemia
b. rickets e. scurvy
c. pellagra f. beriberi
63. Vitamin B12
64. Vitamin D
65. Vitamin A
66. Vitamin C
67. Niacin
68. Thiamine
69. The most abundant extracellular anion is
a. phosphate b. sodium
c. potassium d. chloride
70. The greatest portion of body water is found in
a. interstitium b. plasma
c. red blood cells d. within body cells
71. A good blood buffer system would
a. help maintain blood pH at 7.4
b. donate hydrogen ions if pH is high
c. accept hydrogen ions if pH is low
d. all of these are correct
72. The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubule is
a. active transport
b. cotransport with sodium
c. osmosis
d. electrochemical transport
73. The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is
a. colloid osmotic pressure of the blood
b. glomerular hydrostatic pressure
c. hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule
d. none of these
74. The kidney's are not functioning properly and the pH in body fluids is dropping. The disorder would be called
a. alkalosis
b. acidosis
75. ANP ( atrial natriuretic peptide) acts to
a. increase blood volume
b. decrease blood volume
76. The functional unit of the kidney is the
a. renal pyramid b. collecting tubule
c. nephron d. bladder
77. Fat soluble vitamins include
a. Thiamine b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin K d. Niacin e. all are fat soluble
78. Fatty acids are broken down by the process
a. glycolysis b. ketosis c. beta oxidation d. gluconeogenesis
79. Minerals
a. can not be used for fuel
b. include substances like sodium, chloride, and calcium
c. are major electrolytes in the blood
d. help maintain water balance
e. all are correct
Match the following:
a. collecting tubule
b. glomerulus
c. peritubular capillaries
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. proximal convoluted tubule
ab. efferent arteriole
ac. afferent arteriole
ad. loop of Henle
80. Site of filtrate formation
81. Structure distal to the distal convoluted tubule
82. Site where most tubular reabsorption occurs (such as glucose, amino acids, vitamins, sodium)
83. Blood enters the glomerulus from here
84. Blood enters the peritubular capillaries from here
85. Extends deepest into the medulla of the kidney
86. Reabsorption and secretion of subtances through these vessels
87. The total body water is divided into various fluid compartments. The plasma is considered
a. extracellular b. intracellular
c. interstitial d. lymph
88. Aldosterone causes
a. increased renal tubular reabsorption of sodium
b. decreased renal secretion of potassium
c. decreased reabsorption of chloride
d. increased permeability of the distal tubule to water
89. Place the following in correct sequence.
1. collecting dut
2. distal convoluted tubule
3. glomerulus
4. proximal convoluted tubule
5. loop of Henle
a. 3,1,2,4,5 b. 3,4,5,2,1 c. 3,2,5,4,1
d. 4,3,2,1,5 e. 1,2,3,4,5
90. Tubular reabsorption
a. is a way for the body to get rid of unwanted waste.
b. moves substances from the tubules into the blood
c. moves substances from the blood into the tubules
d. includes substances such as inulin
e. none of these
91. Glucose can be made from fat.
a. true
b. false
92. Which of the following provides 9 kcal/gram?
a. carbohydrate b. fat
c. protein d. alcohol
93. The body will convert excess glucose into
a. pyruvate b. lactate c. oxaloacetate
d. protein e. fat
94. Which of the following processes involved in urine formation allows the blood to retain body nutrients and remove wastes?
a. secretion b. reabsorption
c. filtration d. all of these
95. Hydrogen ions are transferred from blood into the nephron during
a. secretion b. filtration c. reabsorption d. all of these
96. The process of urination is called
a. micturition b. dialysis
c. catheterization d. filtration e. defecation
97. In the presence of a strong acid
a. sodium bicarbonate will react to produce carbonic acid
b. sodium bicarbonate will react to produce more sodium bicarbonate
c. carbonic acid will react to produce sodium bicarbonate
d. carbonic acid will react to form more carbonic acid
98. When fluid output is greater than intake this occurs:
a. edema b. dehydration c. secretion d. catabolism
99. The kidneys function in
a. activation of Vitamin D
b. stimulate red blood cell formation by production of erythropoietin
c. acid/base balance
d. regulation of blood volume
e. all of these
100. Gluconeogenesis is
a. formation of fats
b. making glucose from other substances
c. breaking down glucose
d. making proteins from glucose
e. making fats from glucose
1.C 11.B 21.C 31.A
2.D 12.D 22.A 32.B
3.A 13.D 23.E 33.B
4.C 14.B 24.D 34.A
5.D 15.C 25.C 35.D
6.B 16.B 26.AC 36.E
7.E 17.B 27.A 37.A
8.B 18.B 28.B 38.C
9.D 19.B 29.A 39.C
10.A 20.D 30.AB 40.B
41.B 51.B 61.C 71.D 81.A 91.B
42.B 52.C 62.B 72.C 82.E 92.B
43.B 53.B 63.D 73.B 83.AC 93.E
44.A 54.A 64.B 74.B 84.AB 94.D
45.B 55.A 65.A 75.B 85.AD 95.A
46.B 56.D 66.E 76.C 86.C 96.A
47.B 57.A 67.C 77.C 87.A 97.A
48.A 58.D 68.F 78.C 88.A 98.B
49.B 59.D 69.D 79.E 89.B 99.E
50.A 60.B 70.D 80.B 90.B 100.B