Study Guide One

Terms
deviance
crime
cultural universals
norms
deviant
conformist
socially approved deviance
functions of deviance
dysfunctions of deviance
primary deviance
secondary deviance
values
imitation theory
brutalization
belligerency
violent performances
virulency
social control
theory
violent subjugation

criminal
consensus view
statistics
conflict view
sociology of law
interactionist view
penology
survey research
theory construction
cohort research
victimology
criminal behavior systems
experimental research
criminologists
multi-disciplinary
utilitarianism
positivist
violence coaching
external controls
victim participation

victimology
indirect costs
victimologists
deviant place hypothesis
tangible costs
direct costs
routine activity theory
equivalent group hypothesis
suitable target
victim precipitation
capable guardians
active precipitation
proximity hypothesis
passive precipitation
life-style theory
victim-precipitated crime
social ecology
personal horrification
internal controls

Discussion questions
1. Compare and contrast direct and indirect costs of crime.  Identify which is the mostly costly to society and why.
2. Define, compare, and contrast deviance and crime.  A complete answer will include why an understanding of one is dependent upon an understanding of the other.
3. Explain what victimology is and how it differs from traditional crime.  A complete answer would include using a common crime as example to illustrate the difference between the two approaches.
4. Explain what the positivist school was and how it effected the development of criminology.